ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize solar brightness, photoperiod, phenology and productivity of Chinook, Columbus, Cascade and Yakima Gold hop cultivars grown in the municipalities of Lages and São Joaquim in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil. The phenological stages evaluated were: beginning of sprouting, emission of lateral branches, beginning of flowering, formation of cones and beginning of harvest in the 2018/2019 production cycle. Photoperiod and solar brightness were calculated with data obtained from the Environmental Resources and Hydrometeorology Information Center of Santa Catarina State, in Lages and São Joaquim. The observed results demonstrate hops develops at latitude 27º South, there was a difference in behavior in the phenological cycle of the cultivars, characterizing Yakima Gold as early, with 143 days and Columbus with 191 days, late. Since the first agricultural harvest, there is the production of cones. With 5.87 hours per day solar brightness average, in Lages, 3,300 kg of fresh hops were produced per hectare. In São Joaquim, with a 5.53 hour per day solar brightness average, 6,000 kg of fresh hops were produced per hectare.

RESUMO: A prohexadiona-cálcio (ProCa) é um inibidor da biossíntese de giberelina e o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito do ProCa na epidemiologia do míldio da videira (MV) e da podridão de Botrytis (PB) e no desempenho vitícola da cultivar de videira Merlot. Experimentos foram realizados em um vinhedo comercial no município de São Joaquim/SC, Sul do Brasil, durante as safras 2017-2018 e 2018-2019. A ProCa foi aplicada em quatro doses e três estágios fenológicos: A) 0 g ha-1 (controle); B) 1000 g ha-1 (inflorescência totalmente desenvolvida); C) 500 + 500 g ha-1 (inflorescência totalmente desenvolvida e floração completa); D) 500 + 500 + 500 g ha-1 (inflorescência totalmente desenvolvida, floração completa e baga tipo ervilha). A incidência e severidade de MV e PB foram quantificadas semanalmente a partir do aparecimento dos primeiros sintomas até a colheita e a epidemiologia das doenças foram comparadas de acordo com: a) o início do aparecimento dos sintomas; b) tempo para atingir a máxima incidência e severidade da doença; c) valor máximo da incidência e severidade da doença; d) área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença. Em geral, houve diferenças significativas na dose de ProCa para todos os parâmetros epidemiológicos de MV e PB em comparação com o controle; no entanto, não houve diferença significativa entre as doses de ProCa. As principais variáveis epidemiológicas que diferenciaram o efeito da ProCa no controle do MV e PB foram o Smax e o AUSDPC. Algumas variáveis vitícolas da cultivar Merlot foram afetados negativamente por diferentes doses de ProCa, mas ainda foi uma boa opção o uso da ProCa para o controle do MV e PB em região de altitude do sul do Brasil durante as safras 2017-2018 e 2018-2019.

ABSTRACT: Prohexadione-calcium (ProCa) is a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor and the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ProCa on the downy mildew (DM) and Botrytis bunch rot (BBR) epidemiology, and the yield and technological and phenolic parameters of grape Merlot cultivar. Experiments were carried out in a commercial vineyard in São Joaquim Municipality/SC, Southern Brazil, during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 growing seasons. ProCa was applied at four doses and three phenological stages: A) 0 g ha−1 (control); B) 1000 g ha−1 (inflorescence fully developed); C) 500 + 500 g ha−1 (inflorescence fully developeted and full flowering); D) 500 + 500 + 500 g ha−1 (inflorescence fully developed, full flowering, and berries pea-sized). DM and BBR incidence and severity were quantified weekly from the first symptom appearance until harvest, and their epidemiology was compared according to: a) the beginning of symptom appearance; b) the time to reach the maximum disease incidence and severity; c) the maximum value of disease incidence and severity; d) the area under the disease progress curve. In general, there were significant differences in the ProCa doses for all epidemiologic parameters of DM and BBR compared with the control plot; however, there was no significant difference among the ProCa doses. The principal epidemiological variables that differentiated the effect of ProCa on the DM and BBR control were the Smax and AUSDPC. Some yield and technological and phenolic parameters were negatively affected by different doses of ProCa, but it was still a good option for DM and BBR control in highland region of southern Brazil during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 growing seasons.

ABSTRACT The addition of silicon (Si) to the culture media has shown beneficial action for the growth and development of seedlings of several species in vitro cultivated. This paper aimed to determine the effect of potassium silicate on the in vitro propagation of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch). Seedlings from Italian ‘Jonica’ strawberry obtained from shoots apex in vitro regenerated were cultured in glass vials containing 30 ml of the MS culture medium solidified with 6 g l-1 agar. Five concentrations of potassium silicate (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g l-1) were added to the culture medium. The pH was adjusted to 5.8 ± 0.2 prior sterilization by autoclave. The experiment was maintained in a growth room with irradiance of 42 μmol m-2 s-1, at 25 ± 2 °C and 16 hours photoperiod. The variables analysed were number of shoots, average length of shoots (cm), number of leaves, SPAD index and number of roots and average length of roots (cm). For most of the analysed variables, a decrease was observed as a function of the increase in Si concentration. Thus, for the micropropagation of strawberry cv. 'Jonica', the concentrations of Si tested did not show a beneficial effect.

RESUMEN La adición de silicio (Si) a los medios de cultivo ha demostrado una acción beneficiosa para el crecimiento y desarrollo de plántulas de varias especies cultivadas in vitro. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto del silicato de potasio en la propagación in vitro de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa Duch). Las plántulas de fresa italiana ‘Jonica’ obtenida de brotes de ápice regenerados in vitro se cultivaron en viales de vidrio que contenían 30 ml del medio de cultivo MS solidificado con 6 g de agar l-1. Se agregaron cinco concentraciones de silicato de potasio (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 y 2.0 g l-1) al medio de cultivo. El pH se ajustó a 5.8 ± 0.2 antes de la esterilización en autoclave. El experimento se mantuvo en una sala de crecimiento con irradiancia de 42 μmol m-2 s-1, a 25 ± 2 °C y 16 horas de fotoperíodo. Las variables analizadas fueron el número de brotes, la longitud promedio de los brotes (cm), el número de hojas, el índice SPAD y el número de raíces y la longitud promedio de las raíces (cm). Para la mayoría de las variables analizadas, se observó una disminución en función del aumento en la concentración de Si. Por lo tanto, para la micropropagación de fresa 'Jonica', las concentraciones de Si analizadas no mostraron un efecto beneficioso.